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Lightweight foam concrete can be defined as a type of concrete which included an expanding agent in that it increased the volume of the mixture while giving additional qualities such as fallibility and lessened the dead weight. It was lighter than the conventional concrete with the dry density of 300 kg/m3 up to 1800 kg/m 3 . Although the material was called foam concrete, it was not really concrete at all. Foam concrete is actually foamed mortar, where the mortar was made from cement and water or sand, cement and water. Foam concrete containing no coarse aggregates, only fine and extremely lightweight materials containing cement, water and foam. A few investigators had reported that foam concrete was one having an air content of more than 25 %, which disintegrated it from highly air entrained materials.
Foam concrete can be placed easily, by pumping if necessary, and does not require compaction, vibrating or leveling. It has excellent resistance to water and frost, and provides a high level of both sound and thermal insulation. It is very versatile; since it can be tailored for optimum performance and minimum cost by choice of a suitable mix design especially the density of foam concrete. This is because different density might give different use and performance of foam concrete. The fact that foam concrete can be made using different mix designs meant that it was not a single product. Foam concrete was nearly made on-site and it was made using a mix design specifically selected for each application or job.